Art Institute of Chicago

Denarius (Coin) Portraying Octavian

Roman

Date

32-29 BCE

Medium

Silver

Culture

Italy

Department

Arts of Greece, Rome, and Byzantium

Institution

Art Institute of Chicago

The purpose of the first portrait coins was to identify the ruler. The front side became a mirror of the sovereign’s self-image. The back was often used to communicate the ruler’s accomplishments or intentions. The profile portrait was used because it suited the very shallow depth and limited surface of the coin. The tiny images were carved by engravers into bronze dies, one for the front and another for the back. The coins were then struck, one by one, in a process similar to how modern coins are created today. The front (obverse) of this coin portrays the Emperor Octavius facing right. The back (reverse) depicts the god Apollo playing a lyre.

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