Cleveland Museum of Art
Hours of Charles the Noble, King of Navarre (1361-1425)
Master of the Brussels Initials and Associates
- Date
- c. 1404
- Medium
- ink, tempera, and gold on vellum
- Culture
- France, Paris
- Department
- Medieval Art
- Institution
- Cleveland Museum of Art
Creating a book of hours was an arduous and costly process. These books were made from vellum, animal skins that were laboriously prepared in a multistep process. The texts were written with a quill pen and the illustrations were hand painted using water-based pigments. Gold was added for a look of great luxury. Such a book would take years to create, making these valuable objects unique. King Charles the Noble likely used this book of hours at his royal castle of Olite in Navarra in northern Spain.
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