Cleveland Museum of Art

Woman and Water Buffalo Rhyton

Date

500–700

Medium

silver, with mercury gilding and glass inlays

Culture

Sasanian, Iran, 600s or Turk Shahi dynasty, Kabul, Afghanistan, 500s

Department

Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art

Institution

Cleveland Museum of Art

Recalling both Greek and Iranian traditions of head vases and rhyta (drinking horns), this unusual silver vessel combines the heads of a woman and a water buffalo. A filling hole on top and a pouring or drinking spout in front make clear its function. An inscription in Middle Persian on its back records its weight: probably 50 staters and three drachmae (close to its current weight of just over 700 grams, or about 1-1/2 pounds). The woman’s flat brow, straight nose, and widely set, heavy-lidded eyes—along with the sectarian mark in gold on her forehead—relate to art of the Indus River Valley and Hindu Kush regions of today’s Pakistan and Afghanistan. While we do not know for sure, numerous scholars have suggested that she may depict the Indian warrior goddess Durga, slayer of the buffalo demon. Inlays once filled the buffalo eye sockets, perhaps of colored glass like that still present within some petals of the disc-shaped earrings.

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