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All Saints

Creator

French Illuminator · 1390–1430

In the early 1400s, the Boucicaut Master was the leading master of manuscript illumination in Paris and one of the most influential artists working in the International style in northern Europe. The Boucicaut Master appears to have supervised a talented team of artists who produced manuscripts commissioned by the king of France, high-ranking aristocrats, and the wealthy bourgeoisie. He probably al

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Date: about 1415–1420
Medium: Tempera colors, gold paint, gold leaf, and ink
Culture: French
Department: Manuscripts
Institution: Getty Museum

Holy men and women robed in the rich, elegant colors of rose, burgundy, gold, orange, and blue illustrate a prayer to All Saints. Their objects identify the saints in the front row. Saint Lawrence, in the vestments of a deacon, holds the grill on which he was tortured and killed. John the Baptist gestures toward a lamb, which alludes to his pronouncement about Christ: "Behold the Lamb of God." Saint Peter's key symbolizes the authority Christ granted him, saying "I will give to you the keys to the kingdom of heaven." Saint Catherine of Alexandria holds a wheel and a sword, reminders of the tortures she suffered for her faith. By individualizing the saints' features and interspersing staffs, crosses, and martyr's palms among them, the anonymous illuminator known as the Boucicaut Master varied the rather formal construction of the miniature's repetitious lines of halos.

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