Getty Museum

The Death of Cleopatra

Date

about 1700–1710

Medium

Oil on canvas

Culture

Dutch

Department

Paintings

Institution

Getty Museum

Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt, partially clad in an opulent blue and gold embroidered gown, sprawls across a sumptuous bed at the center of a splendid palace decorated with reliefs and marble statues. She has expired from the poisonous bite of an asp hidden in a basket of figs, thus thwarting Caesar's plans for her. Her attendant Iras lies dead in the foreground. Another maid, Charmion, makes final adjustments to Cleopatra’s diadem. Hoet closely followed Plutarch's account in "Antony'" (*The Lives of Noble Grecians and Romans*, 44:83) and portrayed the dramatic verbal exchange between Charmion and Caesar's messengers immediately following Cleopatra's death. In response to their angry demand "Was this well done of your lady Charmion?," she turned and replied "extremely well, and as became the descendant of so many kings," thereby characterizing her mistress' suicide as noble self-sacrifice. The soldiers sent by Caesar to confirm Cleopatra's death surround the bed, while palace officials, serving women and others rush into the chamber, their stricken faces and animated gestures conveying their agitation. The enormous tomb of Cleopatra's lover, the Roman soldier and politician Mark Anthony, occupies the left side of the composition. A leading Dutch painter of history subjects around 1700, Hoet often painted pairs of related scenes. The *Death of Cleopatra* is the pendant to the Museum's [*The Banquet of Cleopatra*](http://www.getty.edu/art/collection/objects/536/gerard-hoet-the-banquet-of-cleopatra-dutch-late-17th-early-18th-century/), and the subjects present complimentary scenes of festive and tragic spectacle. A number of features link the two paintings: Cleopatra wears the same magnificent brocade gown, jeweled girdle and crown, and both scenes are set in similar interiors decorated with relief panels and a red and gray marble floor. Hoet's delicate brushwork and jewel-like palette combined with an array of eloquent gestures and expressions from the artist’s illustrated treatise on painting, enliven the scene.

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