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Apollo and the Muses on Mount Parnassus

Creator

French Artist · 1594–1665

Painter

> Something celestial shone in his eyes; his pointed nose and wide brow ennobled his modest face. So wrote a biographer about Nicolas Poussin, a philosopher who expressed himself in paint. Pointing to his forehead, Gian Lorenzo Bernini called Poussin "a painter who works up here." Born to Norman peasants, Poussin went to Paris in 1612, working with Mannerist artists and collaborating with Philippe

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Date: about 1626–1628
Medium: Pen and brown ink, brush with brown wash; small, irregular section at right margin added
Culture: French
Department: Drawings
Institution: Getty Museum

The nine Muses, goddesses of poetic inspiration and the creative arts, surround the god Apollo, who plays a *lira di braccio* . With Homer and Virgil, they gather along the Castalian spring, which flows through the center of the scene. Famous in ancient times as a source of inspiration and learning, this place was appropriate for making music and contemplating the beauty of Mount Parnassus. Nicolas Poussin created an animated scene full of movement, not only through the composition and arrangement of the figures but also through his drawing style. He based the composition for this drawing on an engraving by Marcantonio Raimoni after Raphael's *Parnassus* fresco in the Vatican, placing the figure of Apollo to the left of the center. The semi-circular arrangement of the other figures draws the viewer's eye around the scene and up through the trees to the putti in the air. The soft washes contrast with the fine pen lines, giving the drawing a lively sense of three dimensions.

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