Getty Museum

Engraved Scaraboid with Centaur Battling a Snake-Legged Giant

Date

first quarter of 4th century B.C.

Medium

Brown chalcedony

Culture

Greek

Department

Jewelry

Institution

Getty Museum

This fragmentary scaraboid is engraved with a bearded centaur wearing an animal skin cloak around his neck and wielding a branch with both hands. He is shown advancing to the left to battle an unknown adversary – suggested only by the presence of two coiled snakes below the centaur’s legs. Centaurs are popular on Archaic and Classical Greek gems (compare, for example, [84.AN.177](http://www.getty.edu/art/collection/objects/10891/unknown-maker-engraved-scarab-greek-525-500-bc/)), and are often shown fighting, armed with branches or stones as signs of their wild nature. Battles with Herakles or the Lapiths (a people of Thessaly, famous in Greek mythology for their defeat of the centaurs) appear often, but the exact scene on this gem is unclear. The two snakes seen below the centaur’s forelegs recall the standard depiction of giants in Greek art, which are typically shown with human bodies and snake-legs: although a battle between a centaur and giant would be extremely unusual and is not a specific feature of Greek myth, the subject is attested on a Roman glass paste intaglio, suggesting it might also be depicted here. Such motifs probably reflect the Late Classical and Hellenistic interest in fanciful scenes involving mythical creatures popular in painting and sculpture. A scaraboid is a simplified scarab, with a plain curved back and an intaglio design decorating the flat underside. The form gradually replaced the scarab in Greece in the 400s B.C. Like scarabs, they were typically pierced and worn either as a ring or pendant. When attached to a metal hoop and worn as a ring, the curved side faced out and the intaglio surface rested against the finger. When needed as a seal, the ring was removed, the gem swiveled, and the intaglio design was pressed into soft clay or wax to identify and secure property.

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