Ella Bergmann-Michel studied art in Weimar, Germany, and set up a studio there in 1918. The following year she married the artist Robert Michel. Together they pioneered the use of collage using photographs. Man Ray and Marcel Duchamp included their work in *Société Anonyme,* a collection of works by mostly European Dada artists. In 1920 Bergmann-Michel moved to Vockenhausen, near Frankfurt. She co
