Art Institute of Chicago

Amulet of a Hippopotamus

Egyptian

Date

Predynastic Period, Naqada II–III (about 3500–3000 BCE)

Medium

Limestone

Culture

Egypt

Department

Arts of Africa

Institution

Art Institute of Chicago

Made around 5000 years ago, this hippopotamus amulet is one of the oldest objects in the Art Institute’s collections. Ancient Egyptians had several terms for small objects like this, which we call “amulets.” Worn by the living and the dead, these charms were meant to bring protection, health, and good luck, ensuring the bearer’s well-being in both life and the afterlife. This object was made before writing existed in ancient Egypt, so our guesses about its function come from our knowledge about later periods. Ancient Egyptians knew hippopotamuses as aggressive animals and may have worn amulets shaped like them for protection from the dangers they posed. In later periods ancient Egyptians worshipped a goddess, Taweret, whose body took the form of a hippopotamus, as a protector of laboring women and helper during childbirth. Early hippopotamus amulets like this stone example may have had similar ties to the powers that ancient Egyptians later associated with the goddess.

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