Cleveland Museum of Art
Illuminated Folio from a Gulistan (Rose Garden) of Sa'di (c. 1213–1291)
Sultan Muhammad
- Date
- c. 1475–1500; border: c. 1550
- Medium
- Gum tempera, ink, gold, and silver on paper
- Culture
- Iran, Tabriz, Safavid period (1501-1722)
- Department
- Islamic Art
- Institution
- Cleveland Museum of Art
In the border surrounding the Persian poetical text, deer and a lion coexist peacefully in a forest. This imagery may reference the rule of a righteous king. The text is from the Gulistan , one of the most celebrated works of Persian literature, completed around 1258. Gulistan means “Rose Garden” in Persian; just as a rose garden is a collection of flowers, the contents are a collection of anecdotes. This page is from the section “On the Conduct of Kings.” Written in both prose and verse, the Gulistan was used for centuries as a primer for schoolchildren in greater Iran, India, and Turkey.
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